Investment in research, patents, and digital readiness.
Australia's overall score in the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking (about 64 economies), published each November. IMD re-scales each year's scores against that year's field, so year-to-year changes are indicative; the ranking is steadier.
Standard patent applications filed in Australia in the calendar year, per million people (resident and non-resident applicants).
Total gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of GDP. Published for survey years only (every second year); each point is labelled with the first year of the financial year surveyed, so 2023 is 2023-24.
